Kubera imisoro idahwitse kandi ikabije yashyizweho na Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, Donald Trump, ntabwo gahunda y’ubukungu ku isi yahungabanye gusa, byateje ubwoba bw’uko ubukungu bw’Amerika bwifashe nabi kandi byihutisha ifaranga ry’ifaranga, ariko abakora urumogi babifitemo uruhushya ndetse n’amasosiyete akorana na bo bahura n’ibibazo nko kuzamuka kw’ibiciro by’ubucuruzi, kwinjiza abakiriya, ndetse no kugarura ibicuruzwa.
Nyuma y’itegeko rya "Umunsi wo Kwibohoza" kwa Trump ryongereye imyaka myinshi muri politiki y’ubucuruzi y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Amerika, abayobozi b’inganda n’urumogi barenga icumi n’inzobere mu by'ubukungu baburiye ko izamuka ry’ibiciro ryateganijwe rizagira ingaruka ku bice byose by’urumogi - kuva mu bwubatsi no mu buhinzi kugeza ku bicuruzwa, gupakira, n’ibikoresho fatizo.
Ubucuruzi bwinshi bw'urumogi bumaze kumva ingaruka zamahoro, cyane cyane izibasiwe ningamba zo kwihorera zitanga ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga. Ariko, ibi kandi byatumye ayo masosiyete ashakisha abatanga isoko ryimbere mu gihugu aho bishoboka hose. Hagati aho, bamwe mu bacuruza urumogi n'ibirango barateganya guha igice cy’ibiciro byiyongereye ku baguzi. Bavuga ko mu nganda zimaze kuremerwa n’amabwiriza akomeye ndetse n’imisoro iremereye - mu gihe uhanganye n’isoko ritemewe n'amategeko - izamuka ry’amahoro rishobora gukaza umurego izo mbogamizi.
Itegeko ry’ibiciro byiswe "gusubiranamo" ryatangiye gukurikizwa muri make mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu wa gatatu, ryibanda cyane cyane ku masoko y’inganda mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya ndetse n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi hamwe n’amahoro menshi, yishyurwa n’ubucuruzi bw’Amerika butumiza ibicuruzwa muri ibi bihugu. Ku gicamunsi cyo kuri uyu wa gatatu, Trump yahinduye inzira, atangaza ko iminsi 90 ihagarikwa ry’ibiciro ku bihugu byose usibye Ubushinwa.
Abakora urumogi “Mu ntebe”
Muri gahunda y’ibiciro by’ibiciro bya Perezida Trump, ibihugu byinshi byo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya n’Ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi - bitanga ubucuruzi bw’urumogi n’ibigo biyishamikiyeho nk’ibikoresho nka sisitemu yo kugurisha n’ibikoresho fatizo - byahura n’izamuka ry’imibare ibiri. Mu gihe ubushyamirane bw’ubucuruzi bugenda bwiyongera n’Ubushinwa, umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika n’igihugu cya gatatu mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, Beijing yabuze igihe ntarengwa cyo ku wa kabiri cyo gukuraho Trump ku gipimo cya 34% cyo kwihorera. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Ubushinwa noneho buzahura n’amahoro agera kuri 125%.
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru * The Wall Street Journal * kibitangaza ngo umushinga w'itegeko rishyiraho umusoro wa 10% ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu bihugu bigera kuri 90 byatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 5 Mata, bituma hagurishwa iminsi ibiri yo kugurisha yahanaguye tiriyari 6.6 z'amadolari y'agaciro k'isoko ry’imigabane muri Amerika. Nk’uko ibiro ntaramakuru by'Abanyamerika bibitangaza, ku wa gatatu ihindagurika rya Trump ryateje izamuka rikabije mu bipimo by’imigabane muri Amerika, bituma bahinduka ku rwego rwo hejuru mu bihe byose.
Hagati aho, UmujyanamaShares Yera yo muri Amerika Urumogi ETF rukurikirana amasosiyete y’urumogi rwo muri Amerika, rwagumye hafi y’ibyumweru 52, rufunga amadorari 2.14 ku wa gatatu.
Arnaud Dumas de Rauly, washinze ubujyanama bw’urumogi MayThe5th akaba n’umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’ubucuruzi bw’inganda VapeSafer, yagize ati: “Ibiciro ntibikiri ibisobanuro by’ibisobanuro gusa muri geopolitike. Ku nganda, bibangamira mu buryo butaziguye inyungu ndetse n’ubunini.
Kuzamuka kw'ibikoresho
Indorerezi z’inganda zivuga ko politiki ya Trump imaze kugira ingaruka ku bikoresho by’ubwubatsi, ingamba z’amasoko, ndetse n’ingaruka z’umushinga. Todd Friedman, umuyobozi w’ubufatanye n’ubufatanye mu kigo cya Dag Facilities, ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’ubucuruzi cya Floride gishushanya kandi cyubaka ibikorwa byo guhinga amasosiyete y’urumogi, yavuze ko ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa by’ibanze - nka aluminium, ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi, n’ibikoresho by’umutekano - byazamutseho 10% kugeza kuri 40%.
Friedman yongeyeho ko ibiciro by'ibikoresho byo gukora ibyuma n'umuyoboro byikubye hafi kabiri mu turere tumwe na tumwe, mu gihe ibikoresho byo kumurika no kugenzura ubusanzwe biva mu Bushinwa n'Ubudage byagaragaye ko byiyongereyeho imibare ibiri.
Umuyobozi w’urumogi yanagaragaje impinduka mu bijyanye n’amasoko. Ibiciro byavuzwe mbere byari bifite iminsi 30 kugeza kuri 60 ubu bigabanywa kugeza kuminsi mike. Byongeye kandi, kubitsa imbere cyangwa kwishyurwa byuzuye birasabwa gufunga ibiciro, bikarushaho gutembera neza. Mu gusubiza, abashoramari barimo kubaka ibintu byinshi mu masoko no mu masezerano kugira ngo ibiciro bitunguranye.
Friedman yihanangirije ati: “Abakiriya bashobora guhura n'ibibazo bitunguranye kugira ngo bishyurwe hakiri kare cyangwa bakeneye kuvugurura ingamba zo gutera inkunga hagati yo kubaka. Amaherezo, uburyo imishinga yo kubaka iteganijwe kandi ishyirwa mu bikorwa izavugururwa n'amahoro.”
Ibiciro by'Ubushinwa Bikubita ibikoresho bya Vape
Nk’uko raporo z’inganda zibivuga, benshi mu bakora imizabibu yo muri Amerika nka Pax, bahura n’ibibazo bidasanzwe. Nubwo benshi bimuye ibikoresho by’ibicuruzwa mu bindi bihugu mu myaka yashize, igice kinini cy’ibigize - harimo na bateri ya lithium-ion ishobora kwishyurwa - baracyakomoka mu Bushinwa.
Nyuma y’ingamba zanyuma zo kwihorera kwa Trump, amakarito y’isosiyete ikorera mu mujyi wa San Francisco, bateri, hamwe n’ibikoresho byose byakorewe mu Bushinwa bizajya byishyurwa ku gipimo cy’amafaranga agera kuri 150%. Ni ukubera ko ubuyobozi bwa Biden bwagumanye igiciro cya 25% ku bicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa byakozwe mbere na mbere muri manda ya mbere ya Trump muri 2018.
Ibicuruzwa bya Pax Plus na Pax Mini bikorerwa muri Maleziya, ariko Maleziya nayo izahura n’amahoro yo kwihorera 24%. Ubukungu budashidikanywaho byahindutse ibyago byo guhanura ubucuruzi no kwaguka, nyamara ubu bisa nkibisanzwe.
Umuvugizi wa Pax, Friedman, yagize ati: “Urumogi hamwe n’urunigi rutanga ibintu biragoye ku buryo budasanzwe, kandi amasosiyete arihatira gusuzuma ingaruka ndende z’ibi biciro bishya ndetse n’uburyo bwiza bwo kuzikuramo. Maleziya, iyo imaze kugaragara nk’ibikorwa bifatika by’inganda z’Ubushinwa, ntishobora kuba amahitamo, kandi ibikoresho biva mu mahanga byabaye akazi gakomeye kurushaho.”
Ingaruka zamahoro kuri genetike
Abahinzi bo muri Amerika hamwe n’abahinzi babifitemo uruhushya bakura urumogi rw’urumogi ruva mu mahanga nabo bashobora guhura n’izamuka ry’ibiciro.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe kwamamaza muri Fast Buds, Eugene Bukhrev, wemeza ko ari imwe mu mabanki akomeye ku isi atangiza amamodoka, yagize ati: “Amahoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, cyane cyane imbuto ziva mu bicuruzwa bikomeye nk'Ubuholandi na Espagne - bishobora kuzamura igiciro cy'imbuto z'i Burayi ku isoko rya Amerika ku gipimo cya 10% kugeza kuri 20%.”
Isosiyete ikorera muri Repubulika ya Ceki, igurisha imbuto ku baguzi mu bihugu birenga 50, iteganya ko ingaruka zoroheje ziva mu misoro. Bukhrev yongeyeho ati: “Ibikorwa by’ibanze by’ubucuruzi muri rusange bikomeje kuba byiza, kandi twiyemeje gukoresha amafaranga menshi y’inyongera ashoboka mu gihe duharanira gukomeza ibiciro biriho ku bakiriya igihe cyose tubishoboye.”
Uruganda rwa Missouri rukora urumogi hamwe na Illicit Gardens rwakoresheje uburyo nk'ubwo hamwe nabakiriya bayo. Umuyobozi mukuru w’isosiyete, David Craig, yagize ati: "Ibiciro bishya biteganijwe ko bizamura mu buryo butaziguye ibiciro kuri buri kintu cyose uhereye ku bikoresho byo kumurika kugeza ku bipfunyika. Mu nganda zimaze gukorera ku ntera ntoya hakurikijwe amabwiriza akomeye, ndetse n’iyongera rito ry’amafaranga yatanzwe rishobora kwiyongera ku mutwaro ukomeye."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-14-2025