Igihe kiguruka: Amategeko yo kuvugurura urumogi mu Budage (CanG) yizihije Yubile Yambere
Kuri iki cyumweru hizihizwa umwaka umwe w’Ubudage bwashyizeho amategeko avugurura urumogi, CanG. Kuva ku ya 1 Mata 2024, Ubudage bwashoye miliyoni amagana y’amayero mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi bw’urumogi, birinda ibihumbi magana by’ubushinjacyaha, kandi biha abaturage babarirwa muri za miriyoni uburenganzira bwo gukoresha urumogi mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko ku nshuro yabo ya mbere. Ariko, ivugurura rikomeje kuba impaka na politiki cyane. Mu gihe umuryango w’abakirisitu baharanira urumogi / Umuryango w’abakirisitu w’abakozi (CDU / CSU) n’ishyaka riharanira demokarasi n’ishyaka riharanira demokarasi (SPD) ukomeje ibiganiro bijyanye no gushyiraho guverinoma ihuriweho, ejo hazaza h’uruganda rw’urumogi mu Budage ntiharamenyekana. Hatitawe ku kumenya niba ihuriro rishya rigerageza gukuraho CanG, iri tegeko rimaze kugira ingaruka zirambye ku bukungu n’Ubudage. Nyuma yumwaka umwe, birasa nkaho genie izagorana gusubiza mumacupa.
Ingaruka z'amategeko y'urumogi ku Budage
Act Itegeko ryo kurwanya urumogi (CanG)》, ryatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 1 Mata 2024, ryemerera abantu bakuru gutunga, kurya, no guhinga ibihingwa bigera kuri bitatu murugo. Andi mabwiriza yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2024, yemerera gushinga amashyirahamwe ahinga adaharanira inyungu, bituma abanyamuryango bakura kandi bakwirakwiza urumogi kugira ngo rukoreshwe n'abantu bakuru. Mu gihe Ubudage atari cyo gihugu cya mbere cy’Uburayi cyemewe n’urumogi rw’imyidagaduro mu gihugu hose, nta gushidikanya ko guhindura politiki ari kimwe mu bihugu by’umugabane.
Kimwe mu bintu byagize uruhare runini muri iryo tegeko - cyane cyane mu rwego rw’ubukungu - ni ugukuraho urumogi ku rutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge, ibyo bikaba byaratumye ubudage bwiyongera mu nganda z’ubuvuzi bw’urumogi. Nk’uko bivugwa n’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’urumogi mu Budage (BvCW)》, iryo tegeko ryatumye iterambere ryiyongera mu bintu bitatu by’ingenzi.
Urumogi
Gahunda y’ubuvuzi y’urumogi mu Budage yagaragaye nkuwatsinze kurusha abandi muri CanG nshya. Ikigereranyo cyerekana ko mu 2024, inganda zashize miliyoni 300 z'amayero mu ishoramari, hafi miliyoni 240 z'amayero zerekeza ku isoko ry'ubuvuzi ritera imbere. Iri shyirahamwe rirateganya kandi ko amafaranga yinjira muri uyu murenge ashobora kugera kuri miliyari 1 mu 2025.
Nubwo ibi byagiriye akamaro ubucuruzi, Association Ishyirahamwe ry’imiti y’imiti y’urumogi (BPC)》 rivuga ko ryanateje imbere abarwayi.
Umuyobozi w'ishami rya BPC, Antonia Menzel yagize ati: "Ishoramari rikomeye mu nganda z’urumogi rugaragaza akamaro gakomeye k’ubuvuzi burambye mu Budage. Iri terambere rikomeye ryagize uruhare runini mu gutuma abarwayi babasha kubona imiti ivura urumogi, kandi yizewe".
Amakuru aheruka gutumizwa mu mahanga yerekana uku kwaguka kw'isoko byihuse, ntabwo bigirira akamaro amavuriro y'urumogi gusa, ahubwo binatanga isoko mpuzamahanga. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'Ikigo cy’Ubudage gishinzwe ibiyobyabwenge n’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi (BfArM)》, Ubudage bwatumije toni zirenga 70 z’urumogi rwumye rw’urumogi rwumye mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi n’ubumenyi mu 2024 - bikubye kabiri toni 32 zatumijwe mu mwaka ushize.
Mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2024 honyine, Ubudage bwatumije ibiro 31,691 by’indabyo z’urumogi rwumye, byiyongereyeho 53% ugereranije n’igihembwe gishize cya kg 20,654. Ugereranije n'igihembwe cya kane cya 2023 (mbere yuko CanG itangira gukurikizwa), ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byiyongereyeho 272%.
Amakuru yigenga aturuka mumasosiyete y'urumogi arashigikira iyi nzira. Mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka, 《Bloomwell Group》, umwe mu bakora ubucuruzi bw’urumogi mu Budage, yatangaje ko kwiyongera kwa 1.000% ** mu miti yakiriwe na farumasi y’urumogi kuva muri Werurwe kugeza Ukuboza 2024 nyuma y’impinduka zemewe n'amategeko.
Amashyirahamwe yo Guhinga & Guhinga
Dukurikije imibare ibanza yatanzwe na Raporo y’Abanyaburayi igiye kuza Raporo y’urumogi: Igitabo cya 10, guhera muri Werurwe 2025, mu Budage hatanzwe ibyifuzo bisaga 500 by’amashyirahamwe y’ubuhinzi bw’urumogi, mu 190 bikaba byemewe. Aya mashyirahamwe yemerera abanyamuryango gukura urumogi byemewe n'amategeko binyuze mubanyamuryango babo.
Intara zifite impushya nyinshi zatanzwe ni Rhine-Westphalie y'Amajyaruguru, Saxony yo hepfo, na Rhineland-Palatinate, hamwe hamwe hafi 60% by'impushya zose zatanzwe mu Budage.
Byongeye kandi, BvCW ivuga "gutera imbere" mu buhinzi bwo mu rugo, gutwara imbuto, ifumbire, gukura amatara, n'ibindi bikoresho.
Ati: "Ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe mu byumweru cyangwa ukwezi. Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abahagarariye, 11% by'abitabiriye amahugurwa bagaragaje ko bashishikajwe no guhinga urumogi mu rugo. Iri tegeko rishya ryahanze imirimo kandi rizamura ubukungu."
Kugabanuka mu byaha
Impamvu y'ingenzi yatanzwe n’ihuriro ry’urumuri rw’umuhanda (SPD, Greens, FDP) mu gusunika CanG ni uko byagabanya ubugizi bwa nabi, bikagabanya isoko ry’abirabura, kandi bikemerera abashinzwe umutekano kwibanda ku byaha bikomeye.
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi amategeko yagezeho ni ingaruka zagize ku butabera mpanabyaha. Kwemeza amategeko byatumye abategetsi b'Abadage berekeza umutungo mu kurwanya ibyaha bikomeye. Nk’uko Der Spiegel abitangaza ngo kuva 100.000 byakurikiranwe mu byaha kuva aho byemewe n'amategeko.
Igitabo cyagize kiti: “Muri Bavariya - akarere gakunze kwibasirwa cyane n’urumogi - ibyaha bifitanye isano n’urumogi byagabanutseho 56% bigera ku 15.270 mu 2024. Mu majyaruguru ya Rhine-Westphalie, ibyaha nkibi byagabanutseho kimwe cya kabiri (53%) ugereranije n’umwaka ushize.”
Indi mibare y’abapolisi n’ibyaha yabonye na Der Spiegel yerekana ko ibyaha bifitanye isano n’ibiyobyabwenge mu Budage byagabanutseho kimwe cya gatatu mu 2024, mu gihe umubare rusange w’ibyaha by’igihugu wagabanutseho 1,7%.
Raporo yagize ati: "Nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko iryo tegeko ryateje 'ubwicanyi bw’ibiyobyabwenge' cyangwa ibindi biza, nk'uko bamwe mu bagize CDU / CSU babivuga."
Isesengura ryakozwe n’ikigo cya kaminuza cya Düsseldorf Heinrich Heine gishinzwe ubukungu bw’irushanwa ryagaragaje ko kwemerera urumogi rukoreshwa n’abakuze bishobora gukiza abapolisi n’ubucamanza mu Budage kugera kuri miliyari 1,3 buri mwaka.
Icyakora, Minisiteri y’imbere mu gihugu yanze iri suzuma, ivuga ko “nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko kwemererwa n'amategeko igice cyahagaritse isoko ritemewe cyangwa kugabanya icyifuzo.”
Iyi myifatire igaragara ishingiye ku kuba ibyaha by’ibiyobyabwenge byagabanutseho 33% - cyane cyane “ibyaha by’abaguzi” - menya ko kunywa byemewe. Hagati aho, abayobozi banditseho amategeko agera ku 1.000 barenze ku itegeko rishya, ahanini ryerekeranye no gucuruza, magendu, no gutunga ibintu bitemewe.
Bamwe mu bashinzwe kubahiriza amategeko bavuga ko amategeko akeneye gusubirwamo byihutirwa. Alexander Poetz, Visi Perezida w’Urugaga rw’Abapolisi mu Budage (GdP), yahamagariye guverinoma y’ejo hazaza guhindura amategeko vuba.
Poetz yagize ati: "Igihe cyose amategeko azaba adahindutse, isoko ry'umukara rizakomeza, kandi kurinda urubyiruko n'umutekano wo mu muhanda ntibishobora kwizerwa. Ubugizi bwa nabi bwateguwe bukoresha icyuho cyemewe n'amategeko. Kwemeza igice ntabwo byagabanije cyane akazi k’abapolisi. Muri icyo gihe, hakenewe ishoramari ryinshi mu bikoresho bigezweho byo gutahura."
Imyumvire rusange
Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa n’isosiyete ikora imbuto ku isi Royal Queen Seeds bwerekanye ko 51% by’ababyeyi b’Abadage bemeza ko urumogi rwakorewe mu rugo rufite umutekano kuruta urumogi rwaguzwe mu muhanda (ugereranije na 57% ku isi).
Mu bakuze babajijwe mu Budage bakuze, 40% bashyigikiye iryo vugurura, aho abakuru ndetse n’izabukuru 65+ bakomeje gushidikanya cyane, mu gihe abatarengeje imyaka 40 bashobora kubishyigikira. Abagera kuri 50% bemeza ko amabwiriza mashya azamura imyumvire y'abaturage ku rumogi.
Hagati aho, 41% by'abakoresha urumogi rwo mu Budage barateganya guhinga ubwabo mu 2025, aho 77% by'abahinzi bo mu rugo baha agaciro ubuhinzi bwabo na 75% batekereza ko urumogi rwihitiyemo rufite umutekano.
Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwa YouGov bw’abitabiriye 2000+ bwerekanye ko 45% by’Abadage bazaganira na muganga urumogi. Mugihe 7% gusa aribo babikoze, abandi 38% bavuze ko bazabikora nibiba ngombwa mubuvuzi.
Kenshi na kenshi, abarwayi batangiza ibyo biganiro - ntabwo ari abaganga. 2% gusa byabantu bakuru bafite imyaka 45-54 na 1,2% muri abo 55+ bavuze ko abaganga babo batanga imiti yo kunywa urumogi. Imibare ikiri nto yabonaga ibipimo biri hejuru gato: 5.8% byimyaka 25-34 na 5.3% byimyaka 35-44 bafite abaganga bazamura ingingo.
Nubwo abantu benshi bagenda bemera, gupfobya bikomeje kuba inzitizi. Abagera kuri 6% babajijwe bavuze ko birinda kuganira n'abaganga urumogi kubera gutinya urubanza. Ariko, ibisekuru bikiri bito cyane: 49% byabatarengeje imyaka 34 bavuze ko bazahita babaza umuganga wabo kubyerekeye urumogi rwubuvuzi nibiba ngombwa.
Umwanzuro
Nyuma yumwaka, Ubudage bwemewe n’urumogi byagaragaye ko bwatsinze muri byinshi. Mu gihe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryuzuye ryahuye n'inzitizi - harimo no gutinda mu igeragezwa ry'icyitegererezo mu karere ku bicuruzwa bikoreshwa n'abantu bakuru - Ibiro by'Ubudage bishinzwe ubuhinzi n'ibiribwa bivugwa ko byatangiye kwakira ibyifuzo, bivuze ko umushinga w'icyitegererezo utegerejwe na benshi ushobora gutangira vuba.
Muri rusange, CanG yazamuye ubukungu, igabanya ubushinjacyaha budakenewe, kandi ihindura imyumvire ya rubanda. Niba guverinoma itaha ihindura cyangwa ikomeza amategeko, ingaruka zayo ntizihakana.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-09-2025